股骨头坏死保头手术治疗的研究进展

股骨头坏死是多因素导致的病理生理过程。未经有效治疗的股骨头坏死患者中约80%在发病4年内出现股骨头塌陷。股骨头坏死的治疗方案应根据患者的病因和病程制定,早中期患者多可通过保头手术预防或延缓病情进展。保头手术主要包括髓芯减压术、植骨术、多孔钽棒置入术、截骨术、细胞因子或干细胞移植术。本文就上述治疗方法的研究进展作一综述。     

胫骨平台骨折术后早期并发症的处理与分析

目的:探讨胫骨平台骨折术后早期并发症原因和对策.方法:回顾分析2003年12月至2013年12月行切开复位钢板和部分植骨内固定术后出现早期并发症的38例胫骨平台患者,男35例,女3例;年龄37~69岁,平均42.3岁.骨折按Schatzker分型:Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型2例,Ⅴ型19例,Ⅵ型12例.伤后至手术时间9 h~9 d,伤后3 d内手术26例.钢板固定15例,钢板加同种异体骨固定23例.皮肤坏死15例,感染6例,骨筋膜室综合征3例,腓总神经损伤2例,腓浅神经损伤3例,腘动脉损伤2例,骨折复位不良7例.结果:14例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,24例伤口延期愈合.住院时间7~67 d,平均25.6 d.38例均获随访,时间12~36个月,平均16.4个月.骨折愈合时间3~9个月,平均6.9个月.末次随访采用Merchant标准评定下肢功能:优19例,良12例,可5例,差2例.结论:胫骨平台骨折术后早期并发症与骨折严重程度密切相关,与术前准备不足、合并症的治疗、手术时机选择和手术技术有关;术后密切观察,早期发现及时处理减少损害.     

In-shoe plantar pressure distribution and lower extremity muscle activity patterns of backward compared to forward running on a treadmill

ObjectiveBackward locomotion in humans occurs during leisure, rehabilitation, and competitive sports. Little is known about its general biomechanical characteristics and how it affects lower extremity loading as well as muscle coordination. Thus, the purpose of this research was to analyze in-shoe plantar pressure patterns and lower extremity muscle activity patterns for backward compared to forward running.MethodsOn a treadmill, nineteen runners performed forward running at their individually preferred speed, followed by backward running at 70% of their self-selected forward speed. In-shoe plantar pressures of nine foot regions and muscular activity of nine lower extremity muscles were recorded simultaneously over a one-minute interval. Backward and forward running variables were averaged over the accumulated steps and compared with Wilcoxon-signed rank tests (p < .05).ResultsFor backward compared to forward running, in-shoe plantar pressure distribution showed a load increase under metatarsal heads I and II, as well as under the medial midfoot. This was indicated by higher maximum forces and peak pressures, and by longer contact times. Muscle activity showed significantly higher mean amplitudes during backward running in the semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and gluteus medius during stance, and in the rectus femoris during swing phase, while significantly lower mean amplitudes were observed in the tibialis anterior during swing phase.ConclusionObservations indicate plantar foot loading and muscle activity characteristics that are specific for the running direction. Thus, backward running may be used on purpose for certain rehabilitation tasks, aiming to strengthen respective lower extremity muscles. Furthermore, the findings are relevant for sport specific backward locomotion training. Finally, results provide an initial baseline for innovative athletic footwear development aiming to increase comfort and performance during backward running.     

上海市公共卫生临床中心新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下脊柱外科临床诊疗规范

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)传染性较强,虽此病以轻症为主,但仍有一定病死率。尽管世界各国都采取相应措施,但COVID-19患者数量仍持续增加,疫情形势依然严峻,截至2月26日全国累计确诊78 191例,死亡2 718例。今后需要手术治疗的患者中难免会有COVID-19患者,外科医护及相关人员在积极救治患者的同时,自身防护也非常重要,应避免发生因手术导致医护交叉感染。为规范脊柱外科患者合并这一新发传染病的诊治,特制定上海市公共卫生临床中心关于"脊柱外科患者合并COVID-19"的诊疗规范。     

颈椎椎间融合器复合涂层及生长因子在山羊体内的融合效果评价

 目的 在活体山羊颈椎上比较自体三面皮质髂骨、帽式颈椎椎间融合器（hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage,HCIFC）、表面喷涂羟基磷灰石的HCIFC及载有生长因子的羟基磷灰石涂层HCIFC的椎间融合效果。方法 将32头山羊随机平均分为4组：自体骨组、HCIFC组、羟基磷灰石涂层组及生长因子组。各组均行C₃~C₄椎间盘切除术并植入以上内植物。于术前、术后即刻及术后1、2、4、8、12周摄颈椎正、侧位X线片,于侧位X线片上测量平均椎间高度（disc space height,DSH）、椎间角（intervertebral angle,IVA）及前凸角（lordosis angle,LA）;术后12周处死动物,取C₃~C₄节段标本进行生物力学测定及组织学评估。结果 生长因子组的颈椎屈曲、后伸和侧屈的平均刚度显著大于其他组（P<0.05）;羟基磷灰石涂层组后伸、轴向旋转及侧屈的平均刚度显著大于HCIFC组和自体骨组（P<0.05）。影像学及组织学检测结果显示,3个颈椎椎间融合器组的椎间融合效果均好于自体骨组,其中生长因子组的融合效果最好。结论 羟基磷灰石涂层可以改善颈椎椎间融合器的融合效果,生长因子能促进骨融合。     

胸腰椎骨折的手术指征及方式的合理选择

胸腰椎骨折的治疗在过去的几十年取得了很大的进步,这种进步有赖于脊柱生物力学、损伤机制的深入理解及手术器械的改进。在手术指征及手术方式两方面仍有较大争议,使越来越多的学者有了共同的认识和选择。     

Resección tarsal vertical limitada en un caso de carcinoma basocelular de párpado inferior

We present the clinical case of a 71-year-old woman with a history of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCC) who presented a nodular lesion in practically the entire extension of the free edge of the lower eyelid. The lesion was approached by excision of the palpebral margin with limited vertical resection of the tarsus and Tripier flap with a correct aesthetic and functional result, free histological margins and no recurrence in a 12-month follow-up.     

手缺损的重建

手是人类创造文明的重要器官,手缺损的重建一直是临床医学的一大难题。美容假手仅有装饰用途,工具手、Kruckenberg前臂分叉成形术因作用有限,现已少用。肌电假手为义肢市场主流产品,但其动作准确性有待提高;显微外科再造手有感觉功能,可代偿部分手功能,但外形欠佳。前臂残端移植一个足趾即再造手指控制的电子假手,使动作准确度提高,是现阶段一项较为理想、值得推广应用的新技术。近年来开展的同种异体手移植已成功报道10余例,由于免疫排斥反应需长期服用免疫抑制剂,尚不宜作为常规手术推广,但一旦有效解决移植免疫问题,相信异体手移植将是手缺损重建的最佳方法。     

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by percutaneous decompression and autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell infusion

Osteonecrosisfrequentlycausesfemoralheadcollapseanddisablingarthritis,whichultimatelyleadstototaljointreplacement.Ahighfailurerateofjointreplacementunderscoresthejoint preservingprocedures.Varioussurgicaltechniques havebeenusedasatherapyforosteonecrosisofthe femoralhead,whichincludecoredecompressionalone orwithnonvascualrizedorvascularizedbonegraft(DBM,IBG,vascularizedfibulaetc.).1Sofar,the mechanismoftheosteonecrosisisstillunclear(except traumatic),andthereisnouniversalmethodforit especiall…